footnote162
Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
Family Spirit®
Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2022
Effects shown in research
Maternal health
Findings rated high
153
Family Spirit®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASEBA - Externalizing | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 38.20 | Adjusted mean = 40.70 | Mean difference = -2.50 | Study reported = -0.20 | Statistically significant, p = 0.04 |
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| ASEBA - Externalizing | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 40.09 | Adjusted mean = 41.46 | Mean difference = -1.37 | Study reported = -0.13 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| ASEBA - Internalizing | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 41.48 | Adjusted mean = 43.99 | Mean difference = -2.51 | Study reported = -0.19 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| ASEBA - Internalizing | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 43.80 | Adjusted mean = 45.12 | Mean difference = -1.32 | Study reported = -0.12 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| ASEBA - Total Problems | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 38.01 | Adjusted mean = 40.37 | Mean difference = -2.36 | Study reported = -0.18 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| ASEBA - Total Problems | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 40.27 | Adjusted mean = 41.65 | Mean difference = -1.38 | Study reported = -0.13 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| CES-D | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 11.54 | Adjusted mean = 13.41 | Mean difference = -1.89 | Study reported = -0.20 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| CES-D | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 13.06 | Adjusted mean = 13.40 | Mean difference = -0.34 | Study reported = -0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| CES-D | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 12.46 | Adjusted mean = 13.41 | Mean difference = -0.95 | Study reported = -0.16 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| POSIT Mental Health | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.77 | Adjusted mean = 2.91 | Mean difference = -0.14 | Study reported = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| POSIT Mental Health | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 3.23 | Adjusted mean = 3.56 | Mean difference = -0.33 | Study reported = -0.13 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| POSIT Mental Health | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 3.05 | Adjusted mean = 3.30 | Mean difference = -0.25 | Study reported = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| POSIT Substance Abuse | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 0.13 | Adjusted mean = 0.45 | Mean difference = -0.32 | Study reported = -0.13 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| POSIT Substance Abuse | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 0.56 | Adjusted mean = 0.61 | Mean difference = -0.05 | Study reported = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| POSIT Substance Abuse | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 0.39 | Adjusted mean = 0.55 | Mean difference = -0.16 | Study reported = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Alcohol - past 30 days, use of | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted % = 25.77 | Adjusted mean % = 21.55 | OR = 1.14 | HomVEE calculated = 0.14 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Alcohol - past 30 days, use of | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted % = 17.92 | Adjusted mean % = 17.81 | OR = 0.80 | HomVEE calculated = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Alcohol - past 30 days, use of | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted % = 16.88 | Adjusted mean % = 20.02 | OR = 0.71 | HomVEE calculated = -0.13 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Any alcohol or illegal drug - past 30 days, use of | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted % = 38.93 | Adjusted mean % = 34.64 | OR = 1.07 | HomVEE calculated = 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Any alcohol or illegal drug - past 30 days, use of | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted % = 32.91 | Adjusted mean % = 29.11 | OR = 1.04 | HomVEE calculated = 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Any alcohol or illegal drug - past 30 days, use of | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted % = 27.74 | Adjusted mean % = 30.78 | OR = 0.76 | HomVEE calculated = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Any illegal drug - past 30 days, use of | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted % = 21.34 | Adjusted mean % = 21.90 | OR = 0.83 | HomVEE calculated = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Any illegal drug - past 30 days, use of | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted % = 22.89 | Adjusted mean % = 21.92 | OR = 0.93 | HomVEE calculated = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Marijuana - past 30 days, use of | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted % = 18.91 | Adjusted mean % = 19.65 | OR = 0.83 | HomVEE calculated = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Marijuana - past 30 days, use of | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted % = 20.63 | Adjusted mean % = 21.02 | OR = 0.87 | HomVEE calculated = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Marijuana - past 30 days, use of | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months | Family Spirit RCT, 2006-2008 sample | 322 mothers | Adjusted % = 12.39 | Adjusted mean % = 18.83 | OR = 0.57 | HomVEE calculated = -0.30 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
153
Family Spirit®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASEBA Externalizing (T-score) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2006-2008 sample, 3 years postpartum | Full | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 41.35 | Adjusted mean = 42.58 | Mean difference = -1.23 | Study reported = 0.14 | Statistically significant, p = 0.05 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| ASEBA Internalizing (T-score) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2006-2008 sample, 3 years postpartum | Full | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 42.89 | Adjusted mean = 43.72 | Mean difference = -0.83 | Study reported = 0.09 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.22 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| ASEBA Total Problems (T-score) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2006-2008 sample, 3 years postpartum | Full | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 40.51 | Adjusted mean = 41.36 | Mean difference = -0.86 | Study reported = 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.18 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| CES-D score (0-60) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2006-2008 sample, 3 years postpartum | Full | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 12.48 | Adjusted mean = 13.65 | Mean difference = -1.17 | Study reported = 0.16 | Statistically significant, p = 0.01 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Alcohol use in past 30 days (proportion) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2006-2008 sample, 3 years postpartum | Full | 322 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 0.17 | Unadjusted mean = 0.16 | Mean difference = 0.01 | HomVEE calculated = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.67 | footnote183Lower values favor the intervention |
| Any illegal drug use in past 30 days (proportion) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2006-2008 sample, 3 years postpartum | Full | 322 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 0.12 | Unadjusted mean = 0.17 | Mean difference = -0.05 | HomVEE calculated = -0.24 | Statistically significant, p = 0.01 | footnote183Lower values favor the intervention |
| Marijuana use in past 30 days (proportion) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2006-2008 sample, 3 years postpartum | Full | 322 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 0.11 | Unadjusted mean = 0.16 | Mean difference = -0.05 | HomVEE calculated = -0.26 | Statistically significant, p = 0.01 | footnote183Lower values favor the intervention |
| Parenting stress index (range 0-180) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2006-2008 sample, 3 years postpartum | Full | 322 mothers | Adjusted mean = 75.53 | Adjusted mean = 79.10 | Mean difference = -3.57 | Study reported = 0.18 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.10 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
Findings rated moderate
Family Spirit®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol in last month - 12 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 82 mothers | Adjusted mean % = 19.00 | Adjusted mean % = 13.00 | OR = 1.54 | HomVEE calculated = 0.25 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |
| Alcohol in last month - 2 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 125 mothers | Adjusted mean % = 11.00 | Adjusted mean % = 7.00 | OR = 1.52 | HomVEE calculated = 0.30 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |
| Alcohol in last month - 6 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 115 mothers | Adjusted mean % = 12.00 | Adjusted mean % = 6.00 | OR = 2.19 | HomVEE calculated = 0.39 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |
| Change in depressive symptoms (CES-D) - 2 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 125 mothers | Adjusted mean = -2.00 | Adjusted mean = -3.30 | coeff = 0.05 | HomVEE calculated = 0.12 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |
| Change in depressive symptoms (CES-D) - 6 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 115 mothers | Adjusted mean = -4.00 | Adjusted mean = -4.00 | coeff = -0.58 | HomVEE calculated = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |
| Change in depressive symptoms (CES-D)- 12 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 82 mothers | Adjusted mean = -3.10 | Adjusted mean = -2.00 | coeff = -1.69 | HomVEE calculated = -0.10 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |
| Change in social support - 12 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 82 mothers | Adjusted mean = 0.50 | Adjusted mean = -2.20 | coeff = 1.98 | HomVEE calculated = 0.13 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |
| Change in social support - 2 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 125 mothers | Adjusted mean = -0.40 | Adjusted mean = -1.70 | coeff = -0.21 | HomVEE calculated = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |
| Change in social support - 6 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 115 mothers | Adjusted mean = -3.70 | Adjusted mean = -2.50 | coeff = -0.98 | HomVEE calculated = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |
| Cigarette in last month - 12 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 82 mothers | Adjusted mean % = 19.00 | Adjusted mean % = 15.00 | OR = 1.27 | HomVEE calculated = 0.14 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |
| Cigarette in last month - 2 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 125 mothers | Adjusted mean % = 13.00 | Adjusted mean % = 17.00 | OR = 0.74 | HomVEE calculated = -0.19 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |
| Cigarette in last month - 6 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 115 mothers | Adjusted mean % = 22.00 | Adjusted mean % = 13.00 | OR = 2.06 | HomVEE calculated = 0.35 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |
| Illegal substance in last month - 12 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 82 mothers | Adjusted mean % = 16.00 | Adjusted mean % = 9.00 | OR = 2.37 | HomVEE calculated = 0.41 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |
| Illegal substance in last month - 2 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 125 mothers | Adjusted mean % = 13.00 | Adjusted mean % = 7.00 | OR = 2.02 | HomVEE calculated = 0.41 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |
| Illegal substance in last month - 6 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 115 mothers | Adjusted mean % = 7.00 | Adjusted mean % = 3.00 | OR = 2.57 | HomVEE calculated = 0.49 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |
| Parenting stress index - 12 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 82 mothers | Adjusted mean = 62.60 | Adjusted mean = 60.40 | coeff = 3.91 | HomVEE calculated = 0.14 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |
| Parenting stress index - 2 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 125 mothers | Adjusted mean = 62.30 | Adjusted mean = 66.80 | coeff = -3.31 | HomVEE calculated = -0.26 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |
| Parenting stress index - 6 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum | Mothers enrolled 2002-2004 | 115 mothers | Adjusted mean = 63.30 | Adjusted mean = 64.10 | coeff = 1.01 | HomVEE calculated = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = >=.10 |